Introduction Dropper bottles are used to store and dispense small volumes of liquid, for example essential oils, tinctures, serums and pharmaceutical drops. The bottle is usually made of glass or plastic, and metal and silicone appear in some designs. A dropper is also an assembly of several parts, each made of its own material. This…
Introduction Dropper bottles store and dispense small amounts of liquid. They are used for essential oils, tinctures, cosmetic serums, oral drops and other liquids that are applied by the drop. A typical dropper consists of a glass pipette, a rubber or elastomer teat and a collar that fits the bottle neck. This article explains how…
The glass pipette inside a standard dropper does not have one fixed capacity. It usually holds only a fraction of a millilitre up to about 1 ml, depending on the bottle size, the pipette length and how far you squeeze and release the teat. For a 10 to 30 ml bottle, a full squeeze generally…
Introduction Some liquid products degrade when exposed to light, moisture, oxygen or heat. Packaging helps to limit this exposure, but it does not remove the risks. This article explains what a bottle and closure can and cannot do, and what to check when choosing packaging for sensitive liquids. What the packaging can and cannot do…
Introduction Pharmaceutical bottles are made of glass, plastic or sometimes metal, and most have a closure made of a different material. How you recycle them depends on the material, on whether the bottle held a medicine, and on local waste rules. This article explains the general steps. Always check the rules of your municipality or…
Introduction Plastic bottles are widely used for medicines because they are light, shatter-resistant and inexpensive to produce. They also have limitations. This article covers the main ones: environmental impact, interaction with the contents, problems with reuse, and the trade-offs against glass. Environmental impact Most plastic bottles are made from fossil-based polymers that do not biodegrade….
Why light matters Some active substances degrade when exposed to light, particularly UV and short-wavelength visible light. The result can be reduced potency or the formation of degradation products. Whether a particular medicine is light-sensitive, and how it should be stored, is determined by its manufacturer. The instructions on the label and in the leaflet…
Introduction Injectable medicines are sensitive products. Temperature, light, contamination and handling can all affect them. This article covers the main container types used for injectables, general storage principles and how to read the storage instructions. It is general information only. For any specific medicine, follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the label and in the patient…
Introduction Packaging does not have a single shelf life of its own. What matters is the shelf life of the product inside and how well the packaging protects it. An empty glass bottle does not expire in the way a medicine does. The expiry date on a pack refers to the filled product under the…
Why moisture matters Moisture can degrade some active ingredients through hydrolysis, make tablets soften or crumble, cause powders to cake, and encourage microbial growth in some liquid products. How sensitive a product is depends on its formulation, so the packaging should be chosen according to the product’s stability data and the applicable requirements. Where the…
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